If there is a DOI:
Author last name, Author first name. "Article Title." Journal Title, vol. #, no. #, publication date, pp. #-#. Database Name, DOI.
Robbins, Michael. "Paul Muldoon's Covert Operations." Modern Philology, vol. 109, no. 2, 2011, pp. 266-99. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.1086/663233.
If there is no DOI, then use a URL (particularly a permalink or stable URL, if one is available), and remove the beginning "http://" or "https://" from the link in your citation:
Author last name, Author first name. "Article Title." Journal Title, vol. #, no. #, publication date, pp. #-#. Database Name, URL.
Merriam, Alan P. "Music in American Culture." American Anthropologist, vol. 57, no. 6, 1955, pp. 1173-1181. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/665962.
Author last name, Author first name. Book title. Publisher Name, publication date.
Jans, Nick. The Last Light Breaking: Life among Alaska's Inupiat Eskimos. Alaska Northwest Books, 1993.
Author last name, Author first name. Book title. Publisher Name, publication date. Database Name, URL.
Barkan, Leonard. Mute Poetry, Speaking Pictures. Princeton UP, 2013. EBSCO eBooks, ezproxy.umgc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=503029&site=ehost-live&scope=site.
Author. "Webpage Title." Name of Website, Publication date, URL.
"Paul Laurence Dunbar." Poetry Foundation, 2016, www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-poets/poets/detail/paul-laurence-dunbar.
If the author and website organization are the same, start the website citation with the title of the webpage.
No official APA format for citing online classroom materials exists - this is merely a recommended format to use in citing such documents.
Author. (Year). Title of document. Retrieval information.
UMGC. (n.d.). Lecture 5: Leadership and strategic thinking. Document posted in University of Maryland Global Campus HCAD 600 9041 online classroom, archived at http://campus.umgc.edu
Author name. (Year). Document title. Retrieval information.
Health.gov. (2018). Leading health indicators. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/leading-health-indicators/2020-LHI-Topics
When no author is named, begin with the title, followed by the publication year, etc. When no publication years is given, use (n.d.) for no date.
If there is a DOI
Author last name, author first initial. (Year). Article title. Journal title, volume(issue), pages. DOI URL
Dumais, S. A., Rizzuto, T. E., Cleary, J., & Dowden, L. (2013). Stressors and supports for adult online learners: Comparing first- and continuing-generation college students. American Journal of Distance Education, 27(2), 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2013.783265
If there is no DOI, simply end the reference citation with the page numbers
Author last name, author first initial. (Year). Article title. Journal title, volume(issue), pages.
Reitzes, D. C., & Mutran, E. J. (2004). The transition to retirement: Stages and factors that influence retirement adjustment. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 59(1), 63-84.
If there is a DOI
Author last name, author first initial. (Year). Ebook title. Publisher name. DOI URL
Chaffe-Stengel, P., & Stengel, D. (2012). Working with sample data: Exploration and inference. Business Expert Press. https://doi.org/10.4128/9781606492147
If there is no DOI, then cite as a print book.
Author last name, author first initial. (Year). Ebook title. Publisher name.
Burgess, R. (2019). Rethinking global health: Frameworks of power. Routledge.
Author last name, author first initial. (Date). Web page title. Website publisher, if different than author. URL
McKinney, J.L. (2023, October 27). The most broken court in America. Slate. http://www.slate.com/news-and-politics/2023/10/the-most-broken-court-in-america.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). What is health literacy? https://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/learn/index.html