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ENVM 641: Environmental Auditing

A Library Subject Guide

APA Citation Examples

Journal Article from a Library Database:

If there is a DOI: 

Author last name, author first initial. (Year). Article title. Journal title, volume(issue), pages. DOI

Sagarin, B. J., & Lawler-Sagarin, K. A. (2005). Critically evaluating competing theories: An exercise based on the Kitty Genovese murder. Teaching of Psychology, 32(3), 167–169. http://doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top3203_8


If there is no DOI, then use the home page of the journal website:

Author last name, author first initial. (Year). Article title. Journal title, volume(issue), pages. Retrieved from journal home page

Reitzes, D. C., & Mutran, E. J. (2004). The transition to retirement: Stages and factors that influence retirement adjustment. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 59(1), 63-84. Retrieved from http://www.baywood.com/journals/PreviewJournals.asp?Id=0091-4150

Print Book:

Author last name, author first initial. (Year). Book title. Publication city: publisher name.

Jans, N. (1993). The last light breaking: Life among Alaska's Inupiat Eskimos. Anchorage, AK: Alaska Northwest Books.

Ebook from a Library Database:

If there is a DOI: 

Author last name, author first initial. (Year). Ebook titleDOI

Chaffe-Stengel, P., & Stengel, D. (2012). Working with sample data: Exploration and inference. http://doi.org/10.4128/9781606492147


If there is no DOI, then use the home page of the database:

Author last name, author first initial. (Year). Ebook title. Retrieved from database home page

​Miller, L. (2008). Careers for nature lovers & other outdoor types. Retrieved from http://www.ebscohost.com

Website:

Author last name, author first initial. (Date). Article title. Retrieved from website address.

Freitas, N. (2015, January 6). People around the world are voluntarily submitting to China’s Great Firewall. Why? Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/01/06/tencent_s_wechat_worldwide_internet_users_are_voluntarily_submitting_to.html

Sea Turtle Restoration Project. (2006). Threats to sea turtles. Retrieved from http://www.seaturtleinc.org/rehabilitation/threats-to-sea-turtles/

Legal Citations

Court Cases
Name v. Name, Volume Source Page (Court Date)
Lessard v. Schmidt, 349 F. Supp. 1078 (E.D. Wis. 1972)

Blystone v. Pennsylvania, 494 U.S. (1990)

People v. Armour, 590 N.W.2d 61 (Mich. 1999)

Text Citation Example

To cite the reference in text, give the case name, in italics, and the year.

Name v. Name (Year)

(Name v. Name, Year)

Lessard v. Schmidt (1972)

(Lessard v. Schmidt, 1972)

Federal Regulations: The Federal Register

Name, Volume number Source xxx (Month, Date, Year) (to be codified 
at X C.F.R. pt. xxx).
Volume number Source xxx (Month, Date, Year) (to be codified at 
X C.F.R. pt. xxx).

In-Text Citation Formats
The in-text citation format for a named regulation follows the standard name–date format used in APA Style. Here’s the format and a sample citation:

Name (Year) or (Name, Year)
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2013) 
or 
(Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, 2013)

If the name is particularly long, you can shorten it, provided that the shortened name clearly identifies the appropriate reference list entry.

 

If you have an unnamed regulation, use this in-text citation format:

Volume number Source xxx (year) 
or 
(Volume number Source xxx, year)

Compare this to the format for the Code of Federal Regulations. Note the lack of a section symbol, the differences in the date format, the addition of parenthetical information after the date, and the abbreviation of part as pt.

Here’s a reference example from the Federal Register:

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; HHS Notice of Benefit 
and Payment Parametersfor 2012, 78 Fed. Reg. 15410 (March 11, 2013) 
(to be codified at 45 C.F.R. pts. 153, 155,156, 157, & 158).

Code of Federal Regulations

Name, Title number Source § xxx (Year). 

Title number Source § xxx (Year).

Here are reference examples from the Code of Federal Regulations:

Financial Assistance to Individuals, 45 C.F.R. § 234 (2012).

7 C.F.R. § 319 (2000).

In-Text Citation Formats

Named regulations. The in-text citation format for a named regulation follows the standard name–date format used in APA Style. Here’s the format and a sample citation:

Name (Year) or (Name, Year)

Financial Assistance to Individuals (2012) or (Financial Assistance to Individuals, 2012)

All legal examples from the APA Official blog at http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/legal/

For more examples of APA citations, see the library's APA Citation Examples guide.